NPN's GeoServer Web Map Service

Spring Indices, 30-Year Average - 30-year Average SI-x First Leaf Date (si-x:30yr_avg_4k_leaf)

This layer shows the 30-year average day of year of the first leaf index. These long-term averages were created by averaging the annual Spring Index layers generated for each year in the span 1991 - 2020. These annual grids were generated using historical PRISM data. The Extended Spring Indices are models that predict the "start of spring" (timing of leaf out or bloom) at a particular location. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Developer Notes: Use the elevation param to specify the day of year.

Daily Temperature Accumulations - 30-year Average - 50 Base Temp (gdd:30yr_avg_agdd_50f)

This layer shows the average number of Accumulated Growing Degree Days (AGDD) for every day of year; there is one layer available for each day of year. These long-term averages were created by averaging the AGDD values for the same day of year over the span 1991 - 2020. The accumulated growing degree day averages are calculated in Fahrenheit with a 50 degree base, and accumulations begin from January 1. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Developer Notes: Use the elevation param to specify the day of year.

Spring Indices, 30-Year Average - 30-year Average SI-x First Leaf Date (2.5k) (si-x:30yr_avg_six_leaf)

This layer shows the 30-year average day of year of the first leaf index. These long-term averages were created by averaging the annual Spring Index layers generated for each year in the span 1991 - 2020. These annual grids were generated using historical PRISM data. The Extended Spring Indices are models that predict the "start of spring" (timing of leaf out or bloom) at a particular location. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Developer Notes: Use the elevation param to specify the day of year.

Daily Temperature Accumulations - 32 Base Temp (gdd:agdd)

This layer shows the amount of heat accumulated in each pixel calculated in Fahrenheit with a 32 degree base. There is one layer for each day of the year up through the current day. Grid cell values begin at 0 on January 1, and increase as heat units begin to accumulate. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Developer Notes: The daily minimum and maximum temperatures used to compute the agdds are available in the Tmin and Tmax layers of the climate workspace.

Daily Temperature Accumulations, Alaska - 32 Base Temp (gdd:agdd_alaska)

This layer shows the amount of heat accumulated in each pixel calculated in Fahrenheit with a 32 degree base. There is one layer for each day of the year up through the current day. Grid cell values begin at 0 on January 1, and increase as heat units begin to accumulate. These data are preliminary or provisional and are subject to revision. They are being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The data have not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and are provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the data. Developer Notes: The daily minimum and maximum temperatures used to compute the agdds are available in the Tmin and Tmax layers of the climate workspace.

Daily Temperature Accumulations, Anomaly - 32 Base (gdd:agdd_anomaly)

This layer shows the difference between the Current Day Temperature Accumulations and the 30-Year Average Temperature Accumulations, i.e. how much higher or lower current accumulations are relative to average, on any day of the year based on a 32F base temperature and January 1 start date. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Developer Notes: Negative values represent locations that have not yet reached the average heat accumulation this year for that day and positive values represent locations that have exceeded the average number of heat units accumulated this year for that day.

Spring Indices, Current Year - First Bloom - Arnold Red Honeysuckle (si-x:arnoldred_bloom_ncep)

This layer represents the progression of the first bloom Spring Index in the current year for species Arnold Red honeysuckle, using National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) data. A cell is shaded for a given day of year once the Spring Index bloom requirements are met. The Extended Spring Indices are models that predict the "start of spring" (timing of leaf out or bloom) at a particular location. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.

Historical Annual Spring Indices Alaska (2017-Previous Year), First Bloom - Arnold Red Honeysuckle (si-x:arnoldred_bloom_ncep_alaska_historic)

This layer is an annual representation of the days of year that the requirements for the first bloom Spring Index were met for Arnold Red honeysuckle; available from 2017 onward, calculated using National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) data. The Extended Spring Indices are mathematical models that predict the "start of spring" (timing of leaf out or bloom) at a particular location. These data are preliminary or provisional and are subject to revision. They are being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The data have not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and are provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the data.

Spring Indices, Historical Annual (1981-Previous Year) - First Bloom - Arnold Red Honeysuckle (si-x:arnoldred_bloom_prism)

This layer is an annual representation of the days of year that the requirements for the first bloom Spring Index were met for Arnold Red honeysuckle, available from 1981 to last year, calculated using PRISM Tmin and Tmax data. The Extended Spring Indices are models that predict the "start of spring" (timing of leaf out or bloom) at a particular location. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.

Spring Indices, Current Year, Alaska - First Leaf - Arnold Red Honeysuckle (si-x:arnoldred_leaf_ncep_alaska)

This layer represents the progression of the first leaf Spring Index in the current year for species Arnold Red honeysuckle, using National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) data. A cell is shaded for a given day of year once the Spring Index leaf requirements are met. The Extended Spring Indices are models that predict the "start of spring" (timing of leaf out or bloom) at a particular location. These data are preliminary or provisional and are subject to revision. They are being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The data have not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and are provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the data.

Historical Annual Spring Indices (2016-Previous Year), First Leaf - Arnold Red Honeysuckle (si-x:arnoldred_leaf_ncep_historic)

This layer is an annual representation of the days of year that the requirements for the first leaf Spring Index were met for Arnold Red honeyusckle; available from 2016 onward, calculated using National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) data. The Extended Spring Indices are mathematical models that predict the "start of spring" (timing of leaf out or bloom) at a particular location. These data are preliminary or provisional and are subject to revision. They are being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The data have not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and are provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the data.

asian_longhorned_beetle (gdd:asian_longhorned_beetle)

Spring Indices, Current Year - First Bloom - Spring Index (si-x:average_bloom_ncep)

This layer represents the progression of the first bloom Spring Index in the current year averaged for species Zabelii honeysuckle, Arnold Red honeysuckle Red Rothomagensis lilac; calculated using National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) data. A cell is shaded for a given day of year once the Spring Index bloom requirements are met. A cell is not shaded until the requirements for each of the three species threshold models have been met. The Extended Spring Indices are models that predict the "start of spring" (timing of leaf out or bloom) at a particular location. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.

Historical Annual Spring Indices Alaska (2017-Previous Year), First Bloom - Spring Index (si-x:average_bloom_ncep_alaska_historic)

This layer is an annual representation of the days of year that the requirements for the first bloom Spring Index were met, averaged for Red Rothomagensis lilac, Arnold Red honeysuckle and Zabelii honeysuckle; available from 2017 onward, calculated using National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) data. The Extended Spring Indices are mathematical models that predict the "start of spring" (timing of leaf out or bloom) at a particular location. These data are preliminary or provisional and are subject to revision. They are being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The data have not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and are provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the data.

Spring Indices, Historical Annual (1981-Previous Year) - First Bloom - Spring Index (si-x:average_bloom_prism)

This layer is an annual representation of the days of year that the requirements for the first bloom Spring Index were met, averaged for Red Rothomagensis lilac, Arnold Red honeysusckle and Zabelii honeysuckle; available from 1981 to last year, calculated using PRISM Tmin and Tmax data. The Extended Spring Indices are models that predict the "start of spring" (timing of leaf out or bloom) at a particular location. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.

Spring Indices, Current Year - First Leaf - Spring Index (si-x:average_leaf_ncep)

This layer represents the progression of the first leaf Spring Index in the current year averaged for species Zabelii honeysuckle, Arnold Red honeysuckle, and Red Rothomagensis lilac; calculated using National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) data. A cell is shaded for a given day of year once the Spring Index leaf requirements are met. A cell is not shaded until the requirements for each of the three species threshold models have been met. The Extended Spring Indices are models that predict the "start of spring" (timing of leaf out or bloom) at a particular location. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.

Historical Annual Spring Indices Alaska (2017-Previous Year), First Leaf - Spring Index (si-x:average_leaf_ncep_alaska_historic)

This layer is an annual representation of the days of year that the requirements for the first leaf Spring Index were met, averaged for Red Rothomagensis lilac, Arnold Red honeyusckle and Zabelii honeysuckle; available from 2017 onward, calculated using National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) data. The Extended Spring Indices are mathematical models that predict the "start of spring" (timing of leaf out or bloom) at a particular location. These data are preliminary or provisional and are subject to revision. They are being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The data have not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and are provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the data.

Spring Indices, Historical Annual (1981-Previous Year) - First Leaf - Spring Index (si-x:average_leaf_prism)

This layer is an annual representation of the days of year that the requirements for the first leaf Spring Index were met, averaged for Red Rothomagensis lilac, Arnold Red honeysuckle and Zabelii honeysuckle; available from 1981 to last year, calculated using PRISM Tmin and Tmax data. The Extended Spring Indices are models that predict the "start of spring" (timing of leaf out or bloom) at a particular location. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.

Spring Indices, Daily Anomaly - Daily Spring Index Bloom Anomaly (si-x:bloom_anomaly)

This layer shows the difference, in days, between the Daily Contemporary Spring Index and the 30-Year Average Spring Index for first bloom, calculated using National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) data. The layer then shows how advanced or lagged the day of year of the first bloom index is for the current year, compared to long-term average conditions. The Extended Spring Indices are models that predict the "start of spring" (timing of leaf out or bloom) at a particular location. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Developer Notes: Negative values represent locations that have reached the SI-x requirements earlier than average, and positive values represent locations that have reached the SI-x requirements later than average.

Spring Indices, Historical Annual Anomaly (1981-Previous Year) - First Bloom Anomaly (si-x:bloom_anomaly_prism)

This layer shows the difference, in days, between the Historical Annual Spring Index and the 30-Year Average Spring Index for first bloom, calculated using PRISM data. The layer shows how advanced or lagged the day of year of the first bloom index is for each year, compared to the long-term average day of year. The Extended Spring Indices are models that predict the "start of spring" (timing of leaf out or bloom) at a particular location. These data are preliminary or provisional and are subject to revision. They are being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The data have not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and are provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the data. Developer Notes: Negative values represent locations that have reached the SI-x requirements earlier than average, and positive values represent locations that have reached the SI-x requirements later than average.

Invasive Buffelgrass Pheno Forecast, Arizona, 2019 - Current Year (precipitation:buffelgrass_prism)

Pheno Forecast maps predict key life cycle stages in invasive and pest species, to improve management efficacy. The buffelgrass Pheno Forecast is based on known precipitation thresholds for triggering green-up to a level where management actions are most effective based on research presented in Wallace et al. 2016*. Daily values represent the 24 day prior precipitation accumulation. 24 day accumulated precipitation values are derived from PRISM daily precipitation data. These maps are updated daily and predict green-up one to two weeks in the future.

Emerald Ash Borer Egg Hatch (gdd:eab_egg_hatch)

Pheno Forecast maps predict key life cycle stages in a range of species to improve conservation and management outcomes. For insect pest species, Pheno Forecasts are based on growing degree day (GDD) thresholds for key points in species life cycles. These key points typically represent life cycle stages when management actions are most effective. The adult emergence forecast for emerald ash borer was developed by Oregon State University, using the Degree-Days, Risk, and Phenological event mapping (DDRP) platform. The model predicts the earliest date that overwintering individuals are predicted to emerge as adults. This event is predicted at 391 growing degree days (F) (lower threshold: 54F, upper threshold: 97F, method: single sine, start date: Jan 1). The forecast is available for the full calendar year. Temperature inputs are drawn from 3 data sources, as follows: PRISM data are used from Jan 1 through the current day; North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) data are used from the current day through 7 months in the future and the most recent PRISM 10 year normal data are used for dates more than 7 months in the future. The model excludes climatically unsuitable locations for EAB using the current year's temperature data described above. Further information is available at USPest.org/CAPS.

EVI Area TSslope (2001-2017) (inca:eviarea_tsslope_nad83_02deg)

Theil-Sen slope magnitude for pixels where the associated p-value is less than or equal to 0.05. It represents the change (integrated EVI2 units per year) of the EVIarea value over the period 2001-2017. The Theil-Sen estimator is more resistant to outliers than linear regression equivalents. It is calculated as the median of the slopes of lines between all possible point pairs (i.e. EVIarea and its calendar year). These data are preliminary or provisional and are subject to revision. They are being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The data have not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and are provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the data.

Historical Annual Spring Indices Anomaly (2016-Previous Year), First Leaf - Spring Index (si-x:leaf_anomaly_historic)

PROVISIONAL DATA - This layer shows the difference, in days, between the Daily Contemporary Spring Index and the 30-Year Average Spring Index for first leaf, calculated using National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) data. The layer then shows how advanced or lagged the day of year of the first leaf index is for the given year, compared to long-term average conditions. The Extended Spring Indices are models that predict the "start of spring" (timing of leaf out or bloom) at a particular location. Availabel for 2016 onward. Developer Notes: Negative values represent locations that have reached the SI-x requirements earlier than average, and positive values represent locations that have reached the SI-x requirements later than average.

Spring Indices, Yearly Return Interval - Spring Index Leaf Return Interval (si-x:leaf_return_interval)

The Spring Index Return Interval for first leaf represents the frequency with which spring is as late or early as it is in the current year. It serves to contextualize the current year's spring onset anomaly. For example, if the Daily Anomaly product shows first leaf occurring 20 days earlier than average, for a given location, the Return Interval product shows how often that location has experienced leaf out at least 20 days early. To create this product, the current year Spring Index Anomaly value is compared to the anomaly value for the preceding decades (2019 and 2020 are compared preceding 38 and 39 years respectively; 2021 and subsequent years are compared to the preceding 40 years). The frequency with which a spring was at least this early (or late) is calculated by taking the number of years in the record divided by the count of years that were earlier (or later) than the current year. Values of 0 represent average or "on time" springs. Negative values represent the frequency of early springs; positive values represent the frequency of late springs. Values of 41 represent the earliest (-41) or latest (41) spring on record.

Spring Indices, Current Year, Alaska - First Bloom - Lilac (si-x:lilac_bloom_ncep_alaska)

This layer represents the progression of the first bloom Spring Index in the current year for species Red Rothomagensis lilac, using National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) data. A cell is shaded for a given day of year once the Spring Index leaf requirements are met. The Extended Spring Indices are models that predict the "start of spring" (timing of leaf out or bloom) at a particular location. These data are preliminary or provisional and are subject to revision. They are being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The data have not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and are provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the data.

Historical Annual Spring Indices (2016-Previous Year), First Bloom - Lilac (si-x:lilac_bloom_ncep_historic)

This layer is an annual representation of the days of year that the requirements for the first bloom Spring Index were met, averaged for Red Rothomagensis lilac; available from 2016 onward, calculated using National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) data. The Extended Spring Indices are mathematical models that predict the "start of spring" (timing of leaf out or bloom) at a particular location. These data are preliminary or provisional and are subject to revision. They are being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The data have not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and are provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the data.

Spring Indices, Current Year - First Leaf - Lilac (si-x:lilac_leaf_ncep)

This layer represents the progression of the first leaf Spring Index in the current year for Red Rothomagensis lilac, using National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) data. A cell is shaded for a given day of year once the Spring Index leaf requirements are met. The Extended Spring Indices are models that predict the "start of spring" (timing of leaf out or bloom) at a particular location. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.

Historical Annual Spring Indices Alaska (2017-Previous Year), First Leaf - Lilac (si-x:lilac_leaf_ncep_alaska_historic)

This layer is an annual representation of the days of year that the requirements for the first leaf Spring Index were met, averaged for Red Rothomagensis lilac; available from 2017 onward, calculated using National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) data. The Extended Spring Indices are mathematical models that predict the "start of spring" (timing of leaf out or bloom) at a particular location. These data are preliminary or provisional and are subject to revision. They are being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The data have not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and are provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the data.

Spring Indices, Historical Annual (1981-Previous Year) - First Leaf - Lilac (si-x:lilac_leaf_prism)

This layer is an annual representation of the days of year that the requirements for the first leaf Spring Index were met for Red Rothomagensis lilac, available from 1981 to last year, calculated using PRISM Tmin and Tmax data. The Extended Spring Indices are models that predict the "start of spring" (timing of leaf out or bloom) at a particular location. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.

Mid Green-down Median (2001-2017) (inca:midgdown_median_nad83_02deg)

These values represent the day of year half-way between peak greenness and senescence and is considered an important metric of autumn leaf color change. Greenness is calculated from satellite sensors that measure light reflectance from vegetation. Each pixel value is calculated as the median day of year (2001-2017) at which the greenness of a pixel last reached 50% of it's annual maximum (i.e. during senescence). Values greater than 365 indicate that the greendown occurred after to Dec 31st, but the date of maximum greenness occurred prior to Dec 31st. These data are preliminary or provisional and are subject to revision. They are being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The data have not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and are provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the data.

Mid Green-up MAD (2001-2017) (inca:midgup_mad_nad83_02deg)

Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) of MidGreenup days of year for the period 2001-2017. The MAD is a robust alternative to the standard deviation that captures variability in data. It is calculated as the median of the annual anomalies from the median of MidGreenup over the period 2001-2017. These data are preliminary or provisional and are subject to revision. They are being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The data have not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and are provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the data.

Mid Green-up TSslope (2001-2017) (inca:midgup_tsslope_nad83_02deg)

Theil-Sen slope magnitude for pixels where the associated p-value is less than or equal to 0.05. It represents the change (days per year) of the MidGreenup value over the period 2001-2017. The Theil-Sen estimator is more resistant to outliers than linear regression equivalents. It is calculated as the median of the slopes of lines between all possible point pairs (i.e. day of year of MidGreenup and its calendar year). These data are preliminary or provisional and are subject to revision. They are being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The data have not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and are provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the data.

Red Brome Flowering (gdd:red_brome_flowering)

The USA-NPN red brome forecast predicts flowering and senescence in real-time. The red brome forecast is based on Prevéy et al (in prep.), which predicts phenology of the species based on temperature (growing degree days, GDD) and daylength. Daily GDD accumulations are calculated using the simple averaging method, and adjusted based on daylength, where longer days are assumed to promote plant development. The photoperiod adjustment is calculated as [daylength hours]/[24]. Each day's growing degree day accumulation is multiplied by the photoperiod adjustment. The flowering model uses a Dec 1 start date and a 23F base temperature. "Flowering soon" is predicted at 1283 GDDs (F), after which another week of average temperatures at 70F with 11 hours of daylight would be needed to trigger flowering. "Onset of flowering" is predicted at 1441 GDDs (F). The senescence model uses a Jan 1 start date and a 32F base temperature. "Starting to dry out and senesce" is predicted at 886 GDDs (F), after which another week of average temperatures of 80F and 14 hours of daylight would be needed to trigger senescence. "Senescence" is predicted at 1081 GDDs (F).

slf_adult (gdd:slf_adult)

Daily Maximum Temperatures (climate:tmax)

Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.

Daily Minimum Temperatures (climate:tmin)

Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.

winter_wheat (gdd:winter_wheat)

The USA-NPN winter wheat development forecast predicts the developmental stage of winter wheat from emergence through seed development in real-time. The USA-NPN winter wheat development forecast is based on the CERES-wheat model (Ritchie 1991), which predicts developmental stage using temperature, sun angle, and varietal inputs. The USA-NPN winter wheat development forecast approximates across varieties to provide a general forecast for winter wheat development and may reflect developmental stage in some varieties more closely than others. Winter wheat developmental stages are estimated as a function of accumulated growing degree days (GDDs). As described in Ritchie (1991), daily GDD accumulations are calculated using a Jan 1 start date, 32F base temperature, and the simple averaging method. Daily GDD accumulations are penalized based on whether vernalization requirements have been met and the number of hours of daylight at that location. All calculations and values are in Farenheit. To determine the vernalization penalty for each pixel, first, vernalization days are calculated as follows. If the daily average temperature (Tavg) falls between 32-44.6F, the day is considered a full VD. If the daily average temperature falls between 44.6-64.4F, a fraction of a VD is calculated using the formula (approximated from Ritchie 1991, Fig 3-1): [Fraction VD = -0.06(Tavg) + 3.38]. The vernalization penalty for a location on a given day is a function of VDs, calculated using the formula (approximated from Ritchie 1991, Fig 3-2): [VDPenalty = 0.005(VDs) + 0.75]. Once a pixel reaches 50VDs, the vernalization penalty is no longer calculated. The photoperiod penalty for each pixel is calculated using the formula (approximated from Ritchie 1991, Fig 3-3): [PhotoperiodPenalty = 1.0 - 0.0025*(20 - (hours daylight))2)]. The GDD accumulation for each pixel is penalized (reduced) for each pixel by multiplying it by either the VDPenalty or the PhotoperiodPenalty, whichever value is smaller. Ritchie, J.T. 1991. Wheat phasic development. p.31-54. In Hanks and Ritchie (ed.) Modeling Plant and Soil Systems. Agronomy Monograph 31, ASA, CSSSA, SSSA, Madison, WI.

Spring Indices, Current Year, Alaska - First Bloom - Zabelii Honeysuckle (si-x:zabelli_bloom_ncep_alaska)

This layer represents the progression of the first bloom Spring Index in the current year for species Zabelii Honeysuckle, using National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) data. A cell is shaded for a given day of year once the Spring Index leaf requirements are met. The Extended Spring Indices are models that predict the "start of spring" (timing of leaf out or bloom) at a particular location. These data are preliminary or provisional and are subject to revision. They are being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The data have not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and are provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the data.

Historical Annual Spring Indices (2016-Previous Year), First Bloom - Zabelii Honeysuckle (si-x:zabelli_bloom_ncep_historic)

This layer is an annual representation of the days of year that the requirements for the first bloom Spring Index were met, averaged for Zabelii honeysuckle; available from 2016 onward, calculated using National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) data. The Extended Spring Indices are mathematical models that predict the "start of spring" (timing of leaf out or bloom) at a particular location. These data are preliminary or provisional and are subject to revision. They are being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The data have not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and are provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the data.

Spring Indices, Current Year - First Leaf - Zabelii Honeysuckle (si-x:zabelli_leaf_ncep)

This layer represents the progression of the first leaf Spring Index in the current year for species Zabelii honeysuckle, using National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) data. A cell is shaded for a given day of year once the Spring Index leaf requirements are met. The Extended Spring Indices are models that predict the "start of spring" (timing of leaf out or bloom) at a particular location. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.

Historical Annual Spring Indices Alaska (2017-Previous Year), First Leaf - Zabelii Honeysuckle (si-x:zabelli_leaf_ncep_alaska_historic)

This layer is an annual representation of the days of year that the requirements for the first leaf Spring Index were met, averaged for Zabelii honeysuckle; available from 2017 onward, calculated using National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) data. The Extended Spring Indices are mathematical models that predict the "start of spring" (timing of leaf out or bloom) at a particular location. These data are preliminary or provisional and are subject to revision. They are being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The data have not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and are provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the data.

Spring Indices, Historical Annual (1981-Previous Year) - First Leaf - Zabelii Honeysuckle (si-x:zabelli_leaf_prism)

This layer is an annual representation of the days of year that the requirements for the first leaf Spring Index were met for Zabelii honeysuckle, available from 1981 to last year, calculated using PRISM Tmin and Tmax data. The Extended Spring Indices are models that predict the "start of spring" (timing of leaf out or bloom) at a particular location. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.